Traditional East Asian lacquer has a rich history across China, Japan, Korea and wider Asia. Built up in many ultra-thin layers from the sap of the lacquer tree (Rhus verniciflua), lacquerware can be carved, painted, inlaid or gilded to create highly durable, lustrous objects that have captivated collectors for centuries.
What Is Lacquerware?
Lacquer is a natural polymer (urushi) tapped from the lacquer tree. Refined sap is applied in successive coats to wood, metal or leather, curing in humid conditions to form a hard, glossy surface. Artisans then carve, paint, gild, or inlay to achieve a wide range of decorative effects.
How Traditional Chinese Lacquer Is Made
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Harvest & refine: Sap from Rhus verniciflua is filtered and blended.
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Ground & build: A priming layer (often with clay/ash) is followed by many ultra-thin coats.
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Cure & sand: Each coat cures, then is levelled; dozens of cycles create depth.
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Decorate: Techniques include carved cinnabar, painted & gilded scenes, and mother-of-pearl (shell) inlay.
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Polish: Final rubbing and oiling reveal the signature depth and sheen.
Export Lacquer & the European Taste
Chinese export lacquer reached Europe from the 16th century and surged in popularity in the 18th century. Dutch and other East India companies dominated the trade, importing panels, screens and wares that graced aristocratic interiors. Enthusiasm for the “Oriental” aesthetic also inspired European Japanning—local imitations of Asian lacquer with Chinoiserie decoration—through the 18th and 19th centuries.
Key Lacquer Techniques to Recognise
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Carved cinnabar (tihong): Thick red (or green/black) lacquer carved in relief.
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Painted & gilded lacquer: Polychrome scenes with gold detailing.
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Coromandel (kuancai) screens: Incised, coloured landscapes on large panels.
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Mother-of-pearl inlay (raden/luodian): Shell motifs set into the surface.
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Maki-e (Japan): Sprinkled gold/silver powders for shimmering motifs.
Why Collect Lacquer?
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Beauty & durability: Depth of colour, mirror-like polish, and exceptional longevity.
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Craftsmanship: Labour-intensive, layer-by-layer construction and hand finishing.
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History & provenance: Pieces chart global trade, taste and cross-cultural design.
Care & Handling (Quick Tips)
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Avoid direct sunlight, high heat or very dry air.
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Dust with a soft, dry cloth; never use solvents or abrasive cleaners.
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Store/display away from radiators and strong UV.
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For losses or lifting, consult a professional conservator.
Useful internal links (add your URLs)
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Explore Chinese Lacquer (/origin/china/)
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Discover Chinoiserie & Japanning (/style/chinoiserie/)
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Shop Lacquer Furniture (/antiques/furniture/lacquer/)
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Read Care Guides (/news/conservation/)
FAQs (SEO)
What is lacquer made from?
From the refined sap (urushi) of the lacquer tree Rhus verniciflua, applied in thin layers and cured to a hard finish.
How can I tell if a piece is true lacquer or Japanned?
True lacquer has deep, organic lustre and layered construction; Japanning (European varnish) often shows a different craquelure and a more glassy, resin look. A specialist can confirm.
What period is “export lacquer”?
Chinese export lacquer flowed to Europe from the 16th century and peaked in the 18th, supplying panels, screens and luxury wares for grand interiors.
Which techniques are most collectible?
Carved cinnabar, high-quality Coromandel screens, fine mother-of-pearl inlay, and early painted/gilded panels with good provenance.
How should I clean lacquer?
Use a soft, dry cloth only. Avoid sprays and polishes. Seek conservation advice for lifting, cracks or losses.
