Modernism, a defining design and architectural style of the early 20th century, sought to break with tradition and embrace new forms, materials, and techniques. Emerging in response to industrialisation and the rise of mass production, modernism reflected a shift towards functionality, efficiency, and a forward-looking aesthetic. Influenced by movements such as Cubism and Futurism, it emphasised abstraction, geometric shapes, and a rejection of historical ornament.
In the decorative arts, modernist designers replaced elaborate decoration with clean lines, simple forms, and a minimalist aesthetic. Furniture, lighting, textiles, and ceramics were conceived as both functional and beautiful, embodying elegance in simplicity. The movement also embraced new industrial materials—steel, glass, and concrete—that enabled sleek, innovative designs previously impossible.
Key figures shaped the ethos of modernism. Le Corbusier declared architecture should be "a machine for living in," designing buildings with open plans, natural light, and flexible spaces. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, with his dictum "less is more," created structures defined by clarity, openness, and the expressive use of steel and glass. Pierre Jeanneret, working alongside his cousin Le Corbusier, advanced modernist ideals in both architecture and furniture design.
Modernism’s impact on the decorative arts was profound, paving the way for bold experimentation throughout the 20th century. Its legacy endures in contemporary design, where its emphasis on clarity, innovation, and functionality continues to shape how we live with and experience objects, interiors, and architecture.
