Onyx, a semi-precious variety of chalcedony, has captivated artisans and collectors for centuries with its striking banded patterns, smooth texture, and ability to take a fine polish. Known for its translucency and parallel layers of contrasting colour, onyx has been used across cultures and periods to create objects of refinement and luxury.
Origins and Properties
The name onyx comes from the Greek word for “nail” or “claw,” referencing its layered appearance. While black-and-white striations are most common, onyx also occurs in shades of brown, red, and green. Its natural banding, combined with its polish and translucency, makes it ideal for carving, inlay, and ornamental use.
Historical Use
In antiquity, the Romans prized onyx for cameos and intaglios, carving its layers to dramatic effect in miniature portraits and mythological scenes. During the Renaissance, the stone reappeared in decorative arts, employed for vases, urns, jewellery, and intricate inlay work that highlighted its colourful veining.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, onyx enjoyed a renewed vogue. The bold contrasts of the stone suited the elegance of the Art Deco movement, where it was widely used in lamps, clocks, sculptures, and architectural interiors. Its sleek polish and dramatic banding reinforced the movement’s emphasis on geometric form and luxury.
Enduring Legacy
From ancient cameos to Art Deco interiors, onyx has remained a favoured material in the decorative arts, admired for both its beauty and versatility. Its timeless appeal lies in the interplay of natural pattern and human craftsmanship—a union that continues to inspire artisans and collectors alike.
