Opaline glass, developed in France during the 19th century, represents both innovation and elegance in the history of decorative glassmaking. Distinguished by its milky translucence and radiant spectrum of colours, it evolved from Venetian lattimo (milk glass) while reflecting distinctly French tastes.
Venetian lattimo originated in the 15th century as a response to Europe’s appetite for Chinese porcelain. Italian craftsmen produced opaque white glass that imitated porcelain’s milky finish, and the technique spread across Europe. By the early 19th century, French glassmakers reimagined this tradition, adding vibrant pastels and jewel tones to create what became known as opaline glass.
Opaline glass flourished under Louis-Philippe I and Napoleon III, with prestigious houses such as Baccarat and Saint-Louis leading production. The material was used for vases, bowls, perfume bottles, and paperweights, while even furniture pieces—tables and cabinets—were sometimes embellished with opaline panels. Gilded mounts, enameled details, and finely worked forms enhanced its appeal to Europe’s royal courts and wealthy bourgeoisie.
The charm of opaline lies in its luminous quality, subtle glow, and the artistry of its varied designs. Whether softly coloured or richly decorated, opaline glass reflects the ingenuity of French craftsmanship and remains a cherished collectible for connoisseurs of 19th-century decorative arts.
