Lead crystal glass, distinguished by its brilliance and sparkle, is created by adding lead oxide to molten glass during production. This innovation, credited to English glassmaker George Ravenscroft in the late 17th century, transformed glassmaking by producing a material with exceptional clarity and a high refractive index.
The addition of lead oxide causes lead crystal to disperse light into a rainbow of colours, giving it a dazzling, jewel-like quality. This effect, especially striking when light passes through cut facets, made lead crystal an ideal choice for fine glassware such as wine glasses, decanters, and bowls. Its luminosity and ability to refract light also established it as the premier material for chandeliers, where countless prisms and drops scatter light into sparkling displays.
Beyond brilliance, lead crystal is notable for its density and weight. The substantial feel of the glass reinforces its association with luxury and craftsmanship, making it a symbol of refinement in both tableware and interior design.
Health and environmental concerns have arisen around the use of lead in glassware, particularly for items in contact with food and drink. Some countries now regulate or limit its use. Nevertheless, the beauty of lead crystal remains undisputed, and antique as well as modern pieces continue to be prized for their elegance, craftsmanship, and enduring capacity to elevate interiors with light and splendour.
